{"id":3956,"date":"2024-01-11T15:18:11","date_gmt":"2024-01-11T15:18:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/arabzeen.com\/?p=3956"},"modified":"2024-04-28T12:58:36","modified_gmt":"2024-04-28T12:58:36","slug":"%d9%84%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b0%d8%a7-%d9%86%d9%83%d8%b1%d9%87-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d8%aa%d8%aa%d8%b8%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%9f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/arabzeen.com\/?p=3956","title":{"rendered":"\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0646\u0643\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631\u061f &#8211; (\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0645\u0648\u0639)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0644\u064a\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0631 \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0647\u0649 \u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0648\u0635\u0644 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class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645. \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0627 Zauberman and Lynch (2005) \u0641\u064a &#8220;\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a&#8221; \u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641. \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0648\u0643\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0632\u0639\u0627\u062c\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0631\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0646<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"> \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0647 Mogilner et al. (2012) \u0641\u064a &#8220;\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643&#8221; \u0623\u0646  \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631. \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0632\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0632 \u0647\u0648 \u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0643\u0631\u0647\u0647 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u062a\u0633\u064a\u063a\u0647. \u0625\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u0636\u062e\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"> \u0643\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0627 Gershman et al. (2019) \u0641\u064a &#8220;\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a&#8221;\u060c \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0641\u0623\u0646\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0645\u0633\u0643 \u0628\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0643 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0631 \u062b\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0627\u062a. \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0627\u060c \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0644\u0646\u0627. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062e\u0636\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0648\u0630\u0627\u0643 \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u062a\u064a\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0628 \u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0639\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0639\u0637\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0644\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0642\u0644\u0645<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"> \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0627 Tice et al. (2001) \u0641\u064a &#8220;\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a&#8221; \u060c \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631. \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0648 \u064a\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 &#8220;\u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0638\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u062a\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0645\u061f&#8221; &#8220;\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0631 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a\u064a&#8221;\u060c \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0631 \u064a\u062a\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">  \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0627 Leliveld et al. (2009) \u0641\u064a &#8220;\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643&#8221; \u060c \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631. \u0648\u064a\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0623\u062e\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u062a\u062c\u0647 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0638\u0644\u0645 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062d\u0636\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0639\u062f\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0638\u0644\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0623\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"> \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629:<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"> \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0641\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u060c 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src=\"https:\/\/arabzeen.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627-\u0646\u0643\u0631\u0647-\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631-2.mp3\"><\/audio><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"720\" height=\"377\" src=\"https:\/\/arabzeen.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/43102896_n-720x377.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6498\" srcset=\"https:\/\/arabzeen.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/43102896_n-720x377.webp 720w, https:\/\/arabzeen.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/43102896_n-300x157.webp 300w, https:\/\/arabzeen.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/43102896_n-768x402.webp 768w, https:\/\/arabzeen.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/43102896_n.webp 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\" \/><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0644\u064a\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0631 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