مقدمة

أنواع السمنة

أسباب السمنة

مقدمة

تعد السمنة أحد أخطر أمراض العصر؛ فالسمنة ليست مجرد مُشكلة تتلخص في المظهر الخارجي، بل إن الأمر أكثر من ذلك بكثير، حيث إنهامشكلة طبية تزيد من عوامل خطر الإصابة بكثير من الأمراض والمشكلات الصحية الأخرى، مثل مرض السكر والضغط وارتفاع ضغط الدم وارتفاع مستوى الكوليستيرول وغيرهم من الأمراض. إذًا، ما هو تعريف السمنة وما هي أنواعها وأسبابها؟ هذا ما سنتعرّف عليه في هذا المقال إن شاء الله.

إذا ما هي السمنة :

السمنة هي حالة طبية تتميز بتراكم الدهون الزائدة في الجسم، مما يؤدي إلى زيادة الوزن بشكل ملحوظ. تعتبر السمنة من المشكلات الصحية الشائعة في العالم، وتشكل تحديًا صحيًا خطيرًا. تمثل السمنة عامل خطر للعديد من الأمراض المزمنة مثل أمراض القلب والسكري وارتفاع ضغط الدم والسرطان.

 أنواع السمنة

السمنة الزائدة ليست مجرد حالة واحدة، بل تنقسم إلى أنواع مختلفة. سنتناول في هذه المقالة أهم أنواع السمنة الشائعة:

  1. السمنة الوسطى أو السمنة الأبدومينالية: تتسم هذه السمنة بتراكم الدهون في منطقة البطن ومحيط الخصر. يعتبر هذا النوع من السمنة الأكثر خطورة على الصحة، حيث يزيد من احتمالية الإصابة بأمراض القلب والسكري من النوع الثاني.
  1. السمنة الجزئية: تتميز بتراكم الدهون في مناطق محددة مثل الفخذين أو الأرداف. على الرغم من أنها ليست أكثر خطورة مقارنة بالسمنة الوسطى، إلا أنها قد تؤثر على صحة الشخص وتزيد من احتمالية بعض المشاكل الصحية.
  1. السمنة العامة: تعتبر هذه السمنة النوع الأكثر شيوعًا، حيث يتم تراكم الدهون في جميع أنحاء الجسم بشكل متساوٍ. على الرغم من أنها قد لا تكون خطيرة مثل السمنة الوسطى، إلا أنها قد تؤثر على صحة الشخص بصورة عامة.

أسباب السمنة

ثمة عدة عوامل يمكن أن تساهم في حدوث السمنة، سوف نستعرض بعض الأسباب الشائعة لها هنا:

  1. العوامل الوراثية: يلعب العامل الوراثي دورًا في تحديد احتمالية الإصابة بالسمنة. فقد يكون لديك ميل وراثي لتخزين الدهون بشكل أكبر، مما يزيد من احتمالية زيادة الوزن.
  1. النمط الغذائي: تتأثر السمنة بشكل كبير بالنمط الغذائي. تناول الأطعمة ذات السعرات الحرارية العالية والدهون الزائدة والسكريات المكررة يزيد من فرصة زيادة الوزن. كما أن الأطعمة المصنعة والوجبات السريعة قد تكون غنية بالسعرات الحرارية وتسهم في السمنة.
  1. النشاط البدني المحدود: عدم ممارسة النشاط البدني بانتظام يعتبر عاملاً رئيسيًا في زيادة الوزن. عندما تنفق أقل طاقة مما تتناوله، يتم تخزين الزائد من السعرات الحرارية كدهون في الجسم.
  1. العوامل النفسية: العوامل النفسية مثل الإجهاد والقلق والاكتئاب يمكن أن تؤدي إلى زيادة الوزن. فبعض الأشخاص يلجأون إلى تناول الطعام كوسيلة للتخفيف من الضغوط النفسية.
  1. العوامل البيئية: تلعب العوامل البيئية دورًا في السمنة أيضًا. على سبيل المثال، توفر الأطعمة ذات السعرات العالية بسهولة ورخص يمكن أن تؤدي إلى زيادة استهلاكها وبالتالي زيادة الوزن.

هذه بعض الأسباب الشائعة للسمنة. يجب ملاحظة أن السمنة نتيجة لتفاعل مجموعة متنوعة من العوامل، وقد يكون لكل فرد أسبابه الخاصة لزيادة الوزن.

السمنة بين الأسباب والأنواع

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